This article examines, with reference to Europe (EU-15), whether temporary agency workers experience less favourable working conditions and compensation than employees with a standard employment contract. Furthermore, it analyses whether the same differences exist in European countries with and without the principle of non-discrimination in force. The results show that discrimination of temporary workers persists even when we control for other factors. Second, in countries with the principle of non-discrimination in force, the discrimination is higher with respect to employer-provided training.
(Nienhüser, W.; Matiaske, W. (2006): Effects of the ‚principle of non-discrimination‘ on temporary agency work: compensation and working conditions of temporary agency workers in 15 European countries . In: Industrial Relations Journal, 37 (1): 64-77.)